French art historian, archivist and palaeographer (b. Paris 1938). A great connoisseur of the French miniature, he was a member of the École Française in Rome (1963-65); he is a curator in the manuscript department of the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris. He edited the Bibliothèque Nationale's catalogues of miniatures (1980-95), as well as various critical editions of individual illuminated manuscripts (Les grandes chroniques de France, 1987; Saint Louis, roi de France. Livre des faits de Monseigneur Saint Louis, 1990; The hours of Simon de Varie, 1994; La búsqueda del Santo Grial, 1997; etc.) and numerous exhibition catalogues on the miniature, including Boccace en France. De l'humanisme à l'érotisme (1975); Les manuscrits à peintures en France: 1440-1520 (1993). He has published, among others, L'enluminure à la cour de France au XIVe siècle (1978); contributions to Le temps des croisades (1982; translated in Italian 1983) and Les royaumes d'occident (1983; translated in Italian 1984); L'enluminure à l'époque gothique: 1200-1420 (1995).