Medieval Studies and Archaeology

C. Edson Armi

The Brick System of Romanesque Architecture

The Lombard Band and Its Transformation in Catalonia and France

Bibliotheca Archaeologica, 56
2017, 130 pp., 150 ill. col., 8 ill. b/n
Hardback, 21,5 x 28 cm
ISBN: 9788891312532
ISSN: 2240-8347
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  • Abstract
  • Table of Contents
  • Abstract

    At the beginning of the eleventh century in northwestern Italy builders created a comprehensive system of architecture, integrating the square edges of stacked bricks on the exterior with arches, vaults, and niches inside the wall. They used the continuous verticality of bands to plan and demarcate at ground level the placement and spacing of these dynamic structures intended to provide crucial support higher up the elevation. Throughout southern Europe builders copied this system, combining brick-based construction, dynamic and static support, and an "endless" aesthetic based on continuous square-edged reveals. Experienced Lombard workers, at least initially, would have been needed to explain and implement this complex and holistic approach to architecture.
    In major abbeys in Catalonia builders carefully followed the original Lombard system and also imaginatively enriched it, creating a new type of interior, different from the early Christian model (with a wooden ceiling, tall intermediate wall, and flat elevation) perpetuated in the central vessel of contemporary Italian churches. They coupled bands directly to transverse arches beneath barrel vaults and expanded the shape of bands from narrow strips to wide planes as part of a series of projecting wall layers. They also raised the arcade and compressed the intermediate wall, producing a spacious and luminous nave with narrow, high and open side aisles. In major churches in southern France successive generations incorporated many of these changes to the brick-based model and added significantly to them. Seen in this new light, early eleventh-century architecture in Lombardy and Catalonia belies its longstanding reputation as a superficially decorated, pendulously massive, unprogressively folkloric, and largely irrelevant "First Romanesque" prelude to "High Romanesque" architecture.

  • Table of Contents

    PREMESSA, Saverio Lomartire
    INTRODUCTION

    CHAPTER 1
    EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE IN RAVENNA AND MILAN

    CHAPTER 2
    EARLY ELEVENTH-CENTURY ARCHITECTURE IN LOMBARDY AND THE PIEDMONT
    Construction
    Structure
    Design

    CHAPTER 3
    CATALONIA: EXTERIOR BANDS AND THE BRICK-BASED SYSTEM
    Experiments in stone

    CHAPTER 4
    CATALONIA: INTERIOR BANDS AND THE BRICK-BASED SYSTEM

    CHAPTER 5
    THE IMPACT OF CATALAN ARCHITECTURE IN SOUTHERN FRANCE
    Hérault
    Mconnais
    Cluny

    CONCLUSION

    BIBLIOGRAPHY