Processualità del tessuto derivato dall'edilizia speciale antica. Dal consumo del sostrato alla sintesi della forma

The Muratorian urban studies of the second half of the twentieth century have identified in the urban morphology of the consolidated city two categories of organic structures that summarize all the processes of the fabric: the serial and rhythmic structures (basic building) and the cohesive and unitary structures (special construction and monumental). The study of the latter has allowed us to deepen the role of the substratum within the formative process, providing a new key to critical reading that, inversely to the traditional process, analyzes the de-specialization of the monumental structure; this becomes material-matter for the subsequent processes of consumption and occupation due to its functional variation. The analysis of the urban form of the historic center of Rome has shown that among the permanent forms deriving from the ancient substratum, which have catalyzed and explained the process of urban phenomena, the most evident are those of buildings for shows. Theaters, odeòn, circuses and amphitheatres are still shown today in the city of the present through not only the permanence of the radial form, but above all for influencing building fabrics that scientifically show a range of typological variations that allow to reconstruct the formative process in its entirety . The theater of Marcello and the theater of Pompeo become two variants of the same process, one is building, the other urban fabric; thus the amphitheatres of Lucca and Florence: the first represents the permanence of the limit and of the cavity for use of public space, the latter reaches a level of occupation such as to become a porous isolate. The study of the process of formation of the tissues arisen from the consumption and reinterpretation of these structures, has allowed to highlight the role of the crypta as proto-type settlement. The first action of man after a crisis is to reuse the built, consume it up to manipulate it. However, the structure of the substratum remains, which as Muratori states in “Studi per un’operante storia urbana di Roma”, can not be canceled.

Keywords: Substrate, Rome, cohesive structures, consumption